Switch Glacier:
Success Glacier
This glacier is on the northwest arm of the Kautz Glacier. It is divided from the South Tahoma Glacier by Success Cleaver and is below Point Success. See: Success Cleaver. (Reese, 2009)
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STATISTICS AS OF 2015 (Beason, 2017):
Aerial Extent:
0.18 ± 0.01 square miles
(0.47 ± 0.02 km2)
(Rank: 23 of 29)
Debris Cover:
0.03 ± 0.00 square miles
(0.08 ± 0.01 km2)
(Rank: 4 of 29)
Highest Elevation (Head):
10,576 feet
(3,224 m)
Lowest Elevation (Terminus):
8,432 feet
(2,570 m)
Elevation Range:
2,144 feet
(653 m)
Length:
0.74 miles
(1.19 km)
Average Slope:
31°
Average Flow Direction (Flows towards):
South southwest (192°)
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CHANGE IN EXTENT, 1896-2015 (Beason, 2017):
| Units |
1896 |
1913 |
1971 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| Area, mi2 |
-- |
0.25 |
0.26 |
0.25 |
-- |
0.18 |
| Area, km2 |
-- |
0.66 |
0.68 |
0.64 |
-- |
0.47 |
Area change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| 1896 |
0.25 mi2
(0.66 km2) |
0.26 mi2
(0.68 km2) |
0.25 mi2
(0.64 km2) |
0.00 mi2
(0.00 km2) |
0.18 mi2
(0.47 km2) |
| 1913 |
-- |
0.01 mi2
(0.02 km2) |
-0.01 mi2
(-0.01 km2) |
-0.25 mi2
(-0.66 km2) |
-0.07 mi2
(-0.19 km2) |
| 1971 |
|
-- |
-0.01 mi2
(-0.04 km2) |
-0.26 mi2
(-0.68 km2) |
-0.08 mi2
(-0.21 km2) |
| 1994 |
|
-- |
-0.25 mi2
(-0.64 km2) |
-0.07 mi2
(-0.17 km2) |
| 2009 |
|
-- |
0.18 mi2
(0.47 km2) |
Percent change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| 1896 |
-65,374.9 % |
-67,542.6 % |
-63,973.2 % |
0.0 % |
-46,897.8 % |
| 1913 |
-- |
3.3 % |
-2.1 % |
-100.2 % |
-28.3 % |
| 1971 |
|
-- |
-5.3 % |
-100.1 % |
-30.6 % |
| 1994 |
|
-- |
-100.2 % |
-26.7 % |
| 2009 |
|
-- |
-46,897.8 % |
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ESTIMATED CHANGE IN VOLUME, 1896-2015 (George and Beason, 2017):
PLEASE see important notes about this, below...
| Units |
1896 |
1913 |
1971 |
1981* |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| Volume, mi3 |
-- |
0.0107 |
0.0111 |
0.0111 |
0.0104 |
-- |
0.0074 |
| Volume, km3 |
-- |
0.0445 |
0.0462 |
0.0465 |
0.0435 |
-- |
0.0306 |
* = 1981 was the only year that glacial volumes have been measured. See note below.
Basal Shear Stress (τ): 2,354.77 lbs/ft2
Volume change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1981 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| 1896 |
0.0107 mi3
(0.0446 km3) |
0.0111 mi3
(0.0462 km3) |
0.0111 mi3
(0.0465 km3) |
0.0104 mi3
(0.0435 km3) |
0.0000 mi3
(0.0000 km3) |
0.0074 mi3
(0.0306 km3) |
| 1913 |
-- |
0.0004 mi3
(0.0017 km3) |
0.0005 mi3
(0.0019 km3) |
-0.0003 mi3
(-0.0011 km3) |
-0.0107 mi3
(-0.0446 km3) |
-0.0033 mi3
(-0.0139 km3) |
| 1971 |
|
-- |
0.0001 mi3
(0.0002 km3) |
-0.0007 mi3
(-0.0027 km3) |
-0.0111 mi3
(-0.0462 km3) |
-0.0037 mi3
(-0.0156 km3) |
| 1981 |
|
-- |
-0.0007 mi3
(-0.0030 km3) |
-0.0111 mi3
(-0.0465 km3) |
-0.0038 mi3
(-0.0158 km3) |
| 1994 |
|
-- |
-0.0104 mi3
(-0.0435 km3) |
-0.0031 mi3
(-0.0128 km3) |
| 2009 |
|
-- |
0.0074 mi3
(0.0306 km3) |
Percent change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1981 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
| 1896 |
-4,455,085.7 % |
-4,621,715.5 % |
-4,645,100.0 % |
-4,347,700.9 % |
0.0 % |
-3,064,922.8 % |
| 1913 |
-- |
3.7 % |
4.3 % |
-2.4 % |
-100.0 % |
-31.2 % |
| 1971 |
|
-- |
0.5 % |
-5.9 % |
-100.0 % |
-33.7 % |
| 1981 |
|
-- |
-6.4 % |
-100.0 % |
-34.0 % |
| 1994 |
|
-- |
-100.0 % |
-29.5 % |
| 2009 |
|
-- |
-3,064,922.8 % |
With the exception of data in 1981, all values here are calculated estimates based on work by Driedger and Kennard (1986), which calculates glacier volumes with the following equations:
If Glacier Length (L) > 8,500 ft:
If Glacier Length (L) < 8,500 ft:
Basal shear stress (τ) is calculated as:
Where V is the calculated volume of the glacier (ft3), A is the calculated area of the glacier (ft2), ρ is the density of ice (1.779 slug/ft3), g is the acceleration of gravity (32.178 ft/s2), and α is the average slope of the glacier.
If you need a really good research project, recalculating the glacier volumes at Mount Rainier is the way to go!
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NOTES:
This glacier flows into the Kautz Glacier. Extent of this glacier in 1896 and 2009 was included with the combined Kautz/Success Glacier system. See Kautz Glacier for extent change over time.
Data References:
Beason, 2017,
George and Beason, 2017,
Reese, 2009, and
Driedger and Kennard, 1986