ESTIMATED CHANGE IN VOLUME, 1896-2021 (Beason et al., 2022; George and Beason, 2017):
PLEASE see important notes about this, below...
Units |
1896 |
1913 |
1971 |
1981* |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
2021 |
Volume, mi3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.0476 |
-- |
-- |
0.0247 |
0.0251 |
Volume, km3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.1982 |
-- |
-- |
0.1029 |
0.1047 |
* = 1981 was the only year that glacial volumes have been measured. See note below.
Basal Shear Stress (τ): 2,869.23 lbs/ft2
Volume change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1981 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
2021 |
1896 |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0476 mi3 (0.1982 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0247 mi3 (0.1029 km3) |
0.0251 mi3 (0.1047 km3) |
1913 |
-- |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0476 mi3 (0.1982 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0247 mi3 (0.1029 km3) |
0.0251 mi3 (0.1047 km3) |
1971 |
|
-- |
0.0476 mi3 (0.1982 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0247 mi3 (0.1029 km3) |
0.0251 mi3 (0.1047 km3) |
1981 |
|
-- |
-0.0476 mi3 (-0.1982 km3) |
-0.0476 mi3 (-0.1982 km3) |
-0.0229 mi3 (-0.0953 km3) |
-0.0224 mi3 (-0.0935 km3) |
1994 |
|
-- |
0.0000 mi3 (0.0000 km3) |
0.0247 mi3 (0.1029 km3) |
0.0251 mi3 (0.1047 km3) |
2009 |
|
-- |
0.0247 mi3 (0.1029 km3) |
0.0251 mi3 (0.1047 km3) |
2015 |
|
-- |
0.0004 mi3 (0.0018 km3) |
Percent change between periods
|
1913 |
1971 |
1981 |
1994 |
2009 |
2015 |
2021 |
1896 |
0.00 % |
0.00 % |
-19,821,860.00 % |
0.00 % |
0.00 % |
-10,288,994.43 % |
-10,467,369.96 % |
1913 |
-- |
0.00 % |
-19,821,860.00 % |
0.00 % |
0.00 % |
-10,288,994.43 % |
-10,467,369.96 % |
1971 |
|
-- |
-19,821,860.00 % |
0.00 % |
0.00 % |
-10,288,994.43 % |
-10,467,369.96 % |
1981 |
|
-- |
-100.00 % |
-100.00 % |
-48.09 % |
-47.19 % |
1994 |
|
-- |
0.00 % |
-10,288,994.43 % |
-10,467,369.96 % |
2009 |
|
-- |
-10,288,994.43 % |
-10,467,369.96 % |
2015 |
|
-- |
1.73 % |
With the exception of data in 1981, all values here are calculated estimates based on work by Driedger and Kennard (1986), which calculates glacier volumes with the following equations:
If Glacier Length (L) > 8,500 ft:

If Glacier Length (L) < 8,500 ft:

Basal shear stress (τ) is calculated as:

Where V is the calculated volume of the glacier (ft3), A is the calculated area of the glacier (ft2), ρ is the density of ice (1.779 slug/ft3), g is the acceleration of gravity (32.178 ft/s2), and α is the average slope of the glacier.
If you need a really good research project, recalculating the glacier volumes at Mount Rainier is the way to go!
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